Signs of Heatstroke in Dogs and How to Prevent It

Heatstroke kills dogs in the UK every summer, and it happens far more easily than most owners realise. Dogs cannot sweat like humans. They rely almost entirely on panting to cool down, and when the air temperature is high, panting becomes ineffective. A dog's body temperature can rise to dangerous levels in minutes.

Knowing the warning signs and acting fast can save your dog's life.

Which Dogs Are Most at Risk?

While any dog can develop heatstroke, some are significantly more vulnerable:

• Brachycephalic breeds: Bulldogs, Pugs, French Bulldogs, Boxers and Shih Tzus have shortened airways that make panting less efficient. These breeds can overheat at temperatures that other dogs manage comfortably.
• Thick-coated breeds: Huskies, Malamutes, Bernese Mountain Dogs and similar double-coated breeds retain heat more readily.
• Overweight dogs: Extra body fat acts as insulation, trapping heat. Overweight dogs are significantly more likely to develop heatstroke.
• Senior dogs and puppies: Older dogs and very young puppies have less efficient temperature regulation.
• Dogs with health conditions: Heart disease, breathing problems and laryngeal paralysis all increase risk.

Warning Signs: What to Watch For

Heatstroke progresses through stages. Early recognition is critical because the condition can deteriorate rapidly.

Early signs (act now)

• Heavy, rapid panting that seems excessive for the activity level
• Thick, sticky drool or excessive salivation
• Bright red tongue and gums
• Restlessness or agitation
• Glazed expression

Advanced signs (emergency: call your vet immediately)

• Stumbling, wobbling or loss of coordination
• Vomiting or diarrhoea (may contain blood)
• Dark red or purple gums
• Collapse or inability to stand
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

Emergency Cooling: What to Do

If you suspect heatstroke, begin cooling immediately while arranging veterinary care. Speed is critical.

1. Move to shade or a cool area immediately.
2. Pour cool (not ice cold) water over the dog. Focus on the neck, armpits, groin and paw pads where blood vessels are close to the surface.
3. Create airflow. Fan the dog or position near a breeze. If indoors, use a fan or air conditioning.
4. Offer small amounts of cool water. Do not force water into the mouth. Let the dog drink voluntarily.
5. Place cool wet towels on the dog. But replace them every 2-3 minutes, as they quickly warm up and can trap heat against the body.
6. Do NOT use ice or ice-cold water. This constricts blood vessels near the skin surface, actually slowing heat loss. Cool water is far more effective.
7. Call your vet or nearest emergency clinic. Heatstroke requires professional treatment. Internal organ damage can occur even after the dog appears to recover.

Prevention: Safe Walking in Warm Weather

• Walk early or late. In summer, walk before 8am or after 7pm. The temperature at midday can be 10-15 degrees higher than early morning.
• Test the pavement. Place the back of your hand on the tarmac for 5 seconds. If it is too hot for your hand, it is too hot for paws. Tarmac in direct sun can reach 60C when air temperature is just 25C.
• Carry water. Always bring a collapsible bowl and at least 500ml of water per dog.
• Choose shaded routes. Woodland walks are 5-10 degrees cooler than exposed paths.
• Reduce distance and pace. A gentle 20-minute walk in shade is safer than an hour-long hike in the sun.
• Watch your dog, not just the forecast. If your dog is panting heavily, slowing down or seeking shade, stop and rest regardless of how far you have planned to walk.

Car Safety

A car in direct sunlight can reach lethal temperatures within minutes, even with windows cracked open. On a 22C day, the interior of a car can reach 47C within an hour.

• Never leave a dog in a parked car, not even for five minutes.
• If you see a dog in distress in a hot car, call 999. The RSPCA advises that people may need to break a window as a last resort if the dog's life is in immediate danger.
• When travelling, use window shades, air conditioning and take regular breaks with water.

Cooling Products That Work

• Cooling mats: Gel-based mats that absorb body heat. Place in your car or at your walking rest stop.
• Cooling coats: Soak in water and wring out. Evaporation draws heat away from the body. Excellent for flat-faced breeds.
• Paddling pools: A cheap paddling pool in the garden gives dogs a way to cool down before and after walks.
• Frozen treats: Frozen Kongs, ice cubes with treats inside, or frozen banana pieces make cooling fun.